To construct a histogram, rectangles or blocks are drawn on the x-axis whose areas are proportional to the classes they represent. Classes are measured on the horizontal ('X') axis, and the number of times they occur are measured on the vertical ('Y') axis. Histogram - step-column chart that displays a summary of the variations in (frequency distribution of) quantities that fall within certain lower and upper limits in a set of data. Often used interchangeably with the term “chart.” Though a graph usually has four quadrants representing the positive and negative values of the variables, usually only the north-east quadrant is shown when the negative values do not exist or are of no interest. The perpendicular axis intersect at a point called origin, and are calibrated in the units of the quantities represented. Typically, an independent variable is represented on the horizontal line (X-axis) and an dependent variable on the vertical line (Y-axis). Graph - a two-dimensional drawing showing a relationship by means of a line, curve, a series of bars, or other symbols. Also called flow diagram, flow process chart, or network diagram.įorm - a logically structured document with a fixed arrangement of captioned spaces designed for entering, extracting, or communicating required or requested information. Also a line drawing, made to accompany and illustrate a geometrical theorem, mathematical demonstration, etc.ĭrawing - a graphic illustration of representing a person, place, or object or a technique for outlining the geometry, layout, location, and design of a figure, plan, or sketch by means of lines.įigure - a form bounded by three or more lines one or more digits or numerical symbols representing a number.įlowchart - a pictorial summary of the decisions and flows that make up a procedure or process from beginning to end. USC Libraries Tutorials and Other Guidesĭiagram - a drawing that illustrates or visually explains a thing or idea by outlining its component parts and the relationships among them.Extending the Timeliness of a Topic Idea.The report provides ways to evaluate the arguments for quality. The study also examines what occurs when a student is unsuccessful in persuading an audience or presenting an argument. In fact, critical thinking is fundamental to learning how to argue effectively. Jonassen and Kim consider critical thinking as a way to facilitate conceptual change and problem solving. The study focuses on argumentative writing. Summary: This study suggests that students who experience meaningful learning are also deeply engaged in the learning process. Education Technology Research and Development, 58(4), 439–457. Arguing to learn and learning to argue: Design justification and guidelines. The overview includes definition of terms, examples, graphs and charts as appropriate, and additional resources.ģ. Jonassen, D. Summary: This online resource offers a complete overview of the writing processes and the components involved in each. University of Purdue’s Online Writing Lab. The process also increased the students' reasoning and ability to create rebuttals.Ģ. Composition Writing Studio. Although the participants in this study were undergraduates, the practical application of the strategy is consistent with lower grades. A graphic organizer is suggested as a means to identify the argument and counterargument before developing a final conclusion. Summary: This study provides instructional strategies to improve the students' ability to construct an argument for or against a position. The Journal of Experimental Education, 76(1), 59–92. Retrieved from Promoting argument-counterargument integration in students' writing.
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